Common Mistakes in Writing

Common Mistakes in Writing What are the top three complaints employers have about employees’ writing abilities? The writing abilities of a person are very crucial. The employees in an organization should have this ability to show the world what they can do. If a person cannot write well, he will never be successful in any field of life. There are certain complaints that the employers have from their employees regarding to the writing. 1. No critical thinking: Writing starts off with this factor and ends with the same. If a person does not possess this, he will not be able to write well. 2. Expectations: The employees in an organization expect something else and get something else for writing. The employers than have nothing but complaining. 3. Grammatical mistakes: The employees do not possess strong grammatical ability to write. If they have no grip on their grammar, they cannot write well and as per condition. What are the top ten most common mistakes people make with punctuation? 1. Comma and introductory phrase: Most of the time, the comma is omitted to include for separating the introductory phrase. Example: To the extent I know he will be able to solve this issue. Correction: To the extent I know, he will be able to solve this issue. 2. Extra dots: Whenever you are to use the eclipses, the dots should not exceed the number of three. Example: I asked you to be with me, for that reason†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦., I told you, last night. Correction: I asked you to be with me, for that reason†¦, I told you, last night. 3. Use of an apostrophe with the abbreviation: The apostrophe should not be used with the abbreviation of the words. Example: CD’s cover speaks what is in it. Correction: CDs cover speaks what is in it. 4. Excessive use of exclamation marks: These marks show emotions and should not be used everywhere in a paragraph. Example: Alas! It is true that you are coward! Correction: alas! It is true that you are a coward. 5. Omission of colon: Sometimes the colon is omitted for introducing items. Example: I have many things in my bags that include, wallet, cell phone, bottle, and books. Correction: I have many things in my bags that include: wallet, cell phone, bottle, and books. 6. Comma instead of a semi colon: Both of them have their own importance. They should never be used alternatively. Example: If any mishap happened in the school; children will not like to come here again. Correction: if any mishap happened in the school, children will not like to come here again. 7. Set off non-essential appositives with comma: It is crucial to set this sort of appositive off from the rest of the sentence. Example: John the DJ was playing outstanding music in the party. Correction: John, the DJ, was playing outstanding music in the party. 8. Use of Interrogative sign: This sign should not be used when there is no question in the sentence. Example: You will not like what I have? Correction: You will not like what I have. 9. Capitalization of the nouns: These are only the proper nouns which are capitalized. Example: The President Clinton liked to be at this place. Correction: The president Clinton liked to be at this place. 10. Use of apostrophe with the possessive pronoun: There is no need to use the apostrophe with the possessive pronoun as they are already showing possession and fulfilling the purpose of apostrophe. Example: I like the car of his’ uncle or I like his’ uncle’s car. Correction: I like the car of his uncle or I like his uncle’s car. What are the top ten most common mistakes people make with grammar? 1. Affect and effect: People usually mix them up with each other. Affect is verb while the effect is noun and shows the influences of something on someone. Example: His affect was numerous. Example: He is going to effect you mentally. Correction: His effect was numerous. Correction: He is going to affect you mentally. 2. â€Å"Such as† not â€Å"such which or who†: After such, as is used as a precedent to the word such. Example: He is such a boy which is naughty. Correction: He is such a boy as is naughty. 3. Plural when there is â€Å"and† among the words: The use of â€Å"and† makes the noun a collective one, unless it is representing one and same idea. Example: Time and tide are very precious thing for everybody. Correction: Time and tide is very precious thing for everybody. 4. False use of preposition: There are certain prepositions that are fixed with the verbs and always follow them. Example: I am afraid from you. Correction: I am afraid of you. 5. Separation of the infinitive: The full infinitive should not be separated by any word. The word separating them should be used at some other place. Example: I would like to efficiently perform this duty. Correction: I would like to perform this duty efficiently. 6. Question is not a question: Question should be asked by setting the right structure of the sentence. Example: From where you could find this precious stone? Correction: From where could you find this precious stone? 7. Plural of uncountable nouns: The nouns which cannot be counted do not form their plural by themselves. The words piece, lot, and the like are used to make its plural. Example: I have information that you will like to know. Correction: I have a piece of information that you will like to know. 8. No subject-verb agreement: The verb should always be agreed with its subject. Plural subject mean plural verb and singular subject mean singular verb and vice versa. Example: He and I am not going to perform this wicked act. Correction: He and I are not going to perform this wicked act. 9. Who and which: The first one represents the pronoun that is used for the people and the second one is used for the animals and non-living things. Example: He is the same guy which was caught red-handed. I like your cell phone who is having all the features. Correction: He is the same guy who was caught red-handed. I like your cell phone which is having all the features. 10. Dependent clause as a complete sentence: The dependent clause can never stand by its own. It needs the main and independent clause to covey the accurate meaning. It should be separated with a comma and should be the part of a compound sentence. Example: People are spending healthy life in this town. They like nothing else. Correction: People are spending healthy life in this town, they like nothing else. Bibliography Leki, I. (1991). Foreign Language Annals. Rebecca. (n.d.). 50 Common Grammar Mistakes in English – part 1. Retrieved 09 20, 2014, from www.engvid.com: http://www.engvid.com/english-resource/50-common-grammar-mistakes-in-english/ Smith, C. S. (1964). Determiners and Relative Clauses in a Generative Grammer of English. Linguistic Society of America. Cobbett, William(2003, originally 1818).A Grammar of the English Language (Oxford Language Classics). Oxford University Press. p.256.ISBN0-19-860508-0. Curme, George O., College English Grammar, Richmond, VA, 1925, Johnson Publishing company, 414 pages . A revised editionPrinciples and Practice of English Grammarwas published by Barnes Noble, in 1947. Note: the assistance was also taken from the teachers, senior students and, the books.

Cryogens Essay

Cryogens are effective thermal storage media which, when used for automotive purposes, offer significant advantages over current and proposed electrochemical battery technologies, both in performance and economy. An automotive propulsion concept is presented which utilizes liquid nitrogen as the working fluid for an open Rankine cycle. The principle of operation is like that of a steam engine, except there is no combustion involved. Liquid nitrogen is pressurized and then vaporized in a heat exchanger by the ambient temperature of the surrounding air. The resulting high – pressure nitrogen gas is fed to the engine converting pressure into mechanical power. The only exhaust is nitrogen. The usage of cryogenic fuels has significant advantage over other fuels. Also, factors such as production and storage of nitrogen and pollutants in the exhaust give advantage for the cryogenic fuels. INTRODUCTION The importance of cars in the present world is increasing day by day. There are various factors that influence the choice of the car. These include performance, fuel, pollution etc. As the prices for fuels are increasing and the availability is decreasing we have to go for alternative choice. Here an automotive propulsion concept is presented which utilizes liquid nitrogen as the working fluid for an open Rankine cycle. When the only heat input to the engine is supplied by ambient heat exchangers, an automobile can readily be propelled while satisfying stringent tailpipe emission standards. Nitrogen propulsive systems can provide automotive ranges of nearly 400 kilometers in the zero emission mode, with lower operating costs than those of the electric vehicles currently being considered for mass production. In geographical regions that allow ultra low emission vehicles, the range and performance of the liquid nitrogen automobile can be significantly extended by the addition of a small efficient burner. Some of the advantages of a transportation infrastructure based on liquid nitrogen are that recharging the energy storage system only requires minutes and there are minimal environmental hazards associated with the manufacture and utilization of the cryogenic â€Å"fuel†. The basic idea of nitrogen propulsion system is to utilize the atmosphere as the heat source. This is in contrast to the typical heat engine where the atmosphere is used as the heat sink. PARTS OF A LIQUID NITROGEN PROPULSION CYCLE The main parts of a liquid nitrogen propulsion system are: 1.Cryogen Storage Vessel. 2.Pump. 3.Economizer. 4.Expander Engine. 5.Heat exchanger. The parts and their functions are discussed in detail below: Cryogen Storage Vessel: The primary design constraints for automobile cryogen storage vessels are: resistance to deceleration forces in the horizontal plane in the event of a traffic accident, low boil-off rate, minimum size and mass, and reasonable cost. Pump: The pump is used to pump the liquid nitrogen into the engine. The pump which are used for this purpose have an operating pressure ranging between 500 – 600 Psi. As the pump, pumps liquid instead of gas, it is noticed that the efficiency is high. Economizer: A preheater, called an economizer, uses leftover heat in the engine’s exhaust to preheat the liquid nitrogen before it enters the heat exchanger. Hence the economizer acts as a heat exchanger between the incoming liquid nitrogen and the exhaust gas which is left out. This is similar to the preheating process which is done in compressors. Hence with the use of the economizer, the efficiency can be improved. The design of this heat exchanger is such as to prevent frost formation on its outer surfaces. Expander: The maximum work output of the LN2 engine results from an isothermal expansion stroke. Achieving isothermal expansion will be a challenge, because the amount of heat addition required during the expansion process is nearly that required to superheat the pressurized LN2 prior to injection. Thus, engines having expansion chambers with high surface-to-volume ratios are favored for this application. Rotary expanders such as the Wankel may also be well suited. A secondary fluid could be circulated through the engine block to help keep the cylinder walls as warm as possible. Multiple expansions and reheats can also be used although they require more complicated machinery. Heat Exchanger: The primary heat exchanger is a critical component of a LN2 automobile. Since ambient vaporizers are widely utilized in the cryogenics and LNG industries, there exists a substantial technology base. Unfortunately, portable cryogen vaporizers suitable for this new application are not readily available at this time. To insure cryomobile operation over a wide range of weather conditions, the vaporizer should be capable of heating the LN2 at its maximum flow rate to near the ambient temperature on a cold winter day. Since reasonable performance for personal transportation vehicles can be obtained with a 30 kW motor, the heat exchanger will be sized accordingly. For an isothermal expansion engine having an injection pressure of 4 MPa, the heat absorbed from the atmosphere can, in principle, be converted to useful mechanical power with about 40% efficiency. Thus the heat exchanger system should be prudently designed to absorb at least 75 kW from the atmosphere when its temperature is only 0 °C. POWER CYCLE There are many thermodynamic cycles available for utilizing the thermal potential of liquid nitrogen. These range from the Brayton cycle, to using two- and even three-fluid topping cycles, to employing a hydrocarbon-fueled boiler for superheating beyond atmospheric temperatures. The easiest to implement, however, and the one chosen for this study, is shown below. This system uses an open Rankine cycle. The states involved in the temperature – entropy diagram for the open rankine cycle is described below. State 1 is the cryogenic liquid in storage at 0.1 MPa and 77 K. The liquid is pumped up to system pressure of 4 MPa (supercritical) at state 2 and then enters the economizer. State 3 indicates N2 properties after it is being preheated by the exhaust gas. Further heat exchange with ambient air brings the N2 to 300 K at state 4, ready for expansion. Isothermal expansion to 0.11 MPa at state 5 would result in the N2 exhaust having enough enthalpy to heat the LN2 to above its critical temperature in the economizer, whereas adiabatic expansion to state 6 would not leave sufficient enthalpy to justify its use. The specific work output would be 320 and 200 kJ/kg-LN2 for these isothermal and adiabatic cycles, respectively, without considering pump work. While these power cycles do not make best use of the thermodynamic potential of the LN2, they do provide specific energies competitive with those of lead-acid batteries. ADVANTAGES Liquid nitrogen automobiles will have significant performance and environmental advantages over electric vehicles. A liquid nitrogen car with a 60-gallon tank will have a potential range of up to 200 miles, or more than twice that of a typical electric car. Furthermore, a liquid nitrogen car will be much lighter and refilling its tank will take only 10-15 minutes, rather than the several hours required by most electric car concepts. Motorists will fuel up at filling stations very similar to today’s gasoline stations. When liquid nitrogen is manufactured in large quantities, the operating cost per mile of a liquid nitrogen car will not only be less than that of an electric car but will actually be competitive with that of a gasoline car. Compared to fossil fuels: The process to manufacture liquid nitrogen in large quantities can be environmentally very friendly, even if fossil fuels are used to generate the electric power required. The exhaust gases produced by burning fossil fuels in a power plant contain not only carbon dioxide and gaseous pollutants, but also all the nitrogen from the air used in the combustion. By feeding these exhaust gases to the nitrogen liquefaction plant, the carbon dioxide and other undesirable products of combustion can be condensed and separated in the process of chilling the nitrogen, and thus no pollutants need be released to the atmosphere by the power plant. The sequestered carbon dioxide and pollutants could be injected into depleted gas and oil wells, deep mine shafts, deep ocean subduction zones, and other repositories from which they will not diffuse back into the atmosphere, or they could be chemically processed into useful or inert substances. Consequently, the implementation of a large fleet of liquid nitrogen vehicles could have much greater environmental benefits than just reducing urban air pollution as desired by current zero-emission vehicle mandates.

Fresh Fields Case Analysis - 2076 Words

I. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM †¢ What must Fresh Fields do to take on the challenges that may come? II. OBJECTIVES †¢ To identify the factors that led to the success of Fresh Fields †¢ To provide an analysis on the positive and negative factors affecting Fresh Fields in the business environment †¢ To recommend ways and means that can help sustain growth of Fresh Fields III. AREAS OF CONSIDERATION A. Fresh Fields †¢ It’s been described as an old-fashioned neighborhood grocery store, an organic farmer s market, a European bakery, a New York deli, and a modern supermarket all rolled into one †¢ Fresh Fields was founded by a team of entrepreneurs including: Mark Ordan – CEO and President †¢ 33 years old †¢ A former Goldman†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Information technology is widely available (ex: internet) Threats †¢ Since the demand is growing, there will inevitably be new entrants to the market. Fresh fields will have to consistently be on top of the organic food market game to stay ahead. †¢ Suppliers may sell directly to consumers IV. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK *Our group will be using a dual framework on innovation and reinventing as well as that of a Learning Organization Entrepreneurship †¢ The ability to take the factors of production – land, labor, and capital – and use them to produce new goods or services †¢ Originator of a new business venture and a new organization for that venture †¢ Perceives opportunities that other business executives do not see or do not care about †¢ The process of organizing the necessary resources, creating new ideas, implementing and monitoring to maximize resources and assuming the associated risks and rewards. Benefits of Entrepreneurship 1. Economic Growth – the economy changes constantly, providing opportunities for new businesses. New companies create new jobs for the people. 2. Productivity †¢ The ability to produce more goods and services with less labor and other inputs. Productivity may be increased by research and development. †¢ The more investment you have on RD, the better chance that a company may have of finding a way to be efficient and effective in producing their products. †¢ Attributed to improving productionShow MoreRelatedEssay on Fresh Direct Case Analysis966 Words   |  4 PagesFresh Direct Case Study Report COMPANY NAME Fresh Direct www.freshdirect.com Online Grocery Market BACKGROUND /HISTORY FreshDirect is an online grocery that conveniently sells and delivers fresh foods and popular household items, to certain residents of the New York City Area. This online grocery market offers organic, farm-fresh produce than most market places. It covers most of Manhattan and certain parts of The Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island and limited areas in New Jersey. 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Victorian Style Houses in 19th Century America